Graphene Oxide Loaded with Protocatechuic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid Dual Drug Nanodelivery System for Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapeutic Application

Hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma is a primary malignant neoplasm that responsible for 75–90% of all liver cancer in humans. Nanotechnology introduced the dual drug nanodelivery method as one initiatives nanomedicine therapy. Graphene oxide (GO) loaded with protocatechuic acid (PCA) and chlorogenic (CA) have shown some anticancer activities both passive active targeting. The physicochemical characterizations nanocomposites were conducted. Cell cytotoxicity assay lactate dehydrogenase conducted to estimate cell severity damage. Next, nanocomposite intracellular uptake was analyzed using transmission electron microscope. accumulation localization fluorescent-labelled human hepatocellular (HepG2) cells fluorescent Subsequently, Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide analysis showed induced late apoptosis HepG2 cells. cycle arrest ascertained at G2/M phase. There depolarization mitochondrial membrane potential an upregulation reactive oxygen species when by nanocomposites. In conclusion, treated graphene oxide–polyethylene glycol (GOP)–PCA/CA–FA exhibited significant less toxicity compared pristine acid, GOP–PCA/CA nanocomposite, may be due utilization folic acid-targeting nanodrug delivery system.